Saffron is one of the most ancient spices with reference since the 7th century. This item was so in demand that it was even sold on the stock market for centuries and has been a part of almost every important international cuisine. The saffron plant is, in fact, a crocus, a bulbous flowering species that happens to be hardy in United States Department of Agriculture zones 5-8.
Saffron crocus is a type of the iris that is, as a perennial herbaceous plant, harvested from three female stigmas. Very labor intensive but something the home gardener can tackle once they learn how to grow saffron.
Why Grow Saffron?
If you are anything like me, and cannot resist eating saffron scented rice or bechamel sauce wherever saffron has been imaginatively and generously applied then can I give you the ultimate challenge – grow your own saffron at home. While this will save you money in some parts of the country, Saffron is very easy to grow. And the flowers are pretty and smell good.
The hard part in growing saffron is only during its harvesting. It takes a huge amount of flowers just to produce a small bit of saffron. However, for personal homestead needs, that only costs me 15 minutes a year.
Saffron Bulbs: Saffron bulbs cost AED 4 or about $1 each. The old corms produce new forms every year. That means even if you only begin with say, a couple dozen bulbs (around $15), after a few years you have all the saffron you can use for such a small deposit.
Saffron Varieties to Plant
Saffron is a species of crocus that produces beautiful purple flowers! Grass-like leaves with yellow stamens. Three bright orange, red, or dark almost purple styles are hand-picked and dried to form saffron. It is not a bulb the way tulips are or dahlia tubers. While they may not typically be recognized by variety — corm is just a corm, after all, plus saffron corms do have some separations. Saffron from the warm regions is a little darker and has some greenish flavor, also has enormous fragrance compared to the ones from the cooler regions – something that one needs to experience.
Professional growers may not put their best corms on the open market, and saffron can fetch between $1500-$5000 a pound. Barring a handful of these flowers, most of the saffron available is from smaller size corms and they are generally lower grade saffron meant for home use and not indicating region of origin. (But no worries, the butter is still tasty!) The nature of the stigmas and spiritual thread (from which saffron is made), along with their length, can tell you where the saffron comes from. Following are some specifics on regional differences in saffron.
1. Kashmiri Saffron
Sourced from Kashmir in India. Kashmiri soil – It is deep, rich alluvial type soil grading from loam to sandy in soil texture type. This has affected the nature of the saffron out there.
Saffron-Of this color of saffron, the red strands are darkest. Which are often maroon with a purple shade. Mongra and Lacha- These are the terms given to indicate the different grades of saffron strands available in Kashmir. Mongra is the top most strand having the highest flavour, aroma and colour. Lacha are not up to mongra standard strands.
2. Aquila Saffron
Modern day Iran is the place of origin of this stuff. Nonetheless it can now be cultivated in the Aquilla Provence in Italy. It’s loamy stuff from an area that gets quite a bit of rain. The saffron thread length is shorter than Kashmiri saffron for Aquila. The strands are not purple but a deep red.
3. Spanish Saffron
This saffron grows in Spain. The stigmas (the red to orange threads) from these corms are saffron. The fragrance is also less intense and it might require a couple more strands to season your dish than those of Mongra Kashmiri saffron or Aquila saffron. Those that are most often available for home planting in the UK are Spanish-types.
Understanding Saffron: The World’s Most Expensive Spice
Popularly known as ‘Red Gold’, Saffron is the dried stigma of the Crocus Sativus flower. No surprise this is the world’s priciest spice. The process of saffron harvesting is extremely methodical and time consuming. Since each flower only contains three stigmas, they are hand-picked and are dried. Every pound of saffron needs 75,000 flowers and consequently it is a very costly spice.
Saffron is so expensive because of its rarity, the labor involved in harvesting it and the high demand for it. In 2024, premium-saffron will cost $3000 to $6000 per kilogram. The cost depends on the quality and type of saffron.
Deal saffron crispy coconut prawns aromatic and deep orange-yellow must’ve the next most expensive spice in the world, saffron, makes it a prized spice for many culinary applications around the globe.
How To Plant Saffron Bulbs (Step by Step)
Has saffron piqued your interest with appearances shown here, then how about trying to become your own saffron crocus grower? It may seem a bit overwhelming, but with the help of proper tools and guidance, your garden can also become a land of saffron. This will add more colours to your landscape as well as a new batch of saffron for your cooking.
Saffron crocus growing includes the basic steps of preparing your soil, planting the bulbs, and timing your plant. All of these steps are important to the health of your saffron crocus and ensuring a good harvest. Now, we will get on the process to help you kick start your saffron plantation journey.
Grow Saffron as a Perennial
Saffron will be a perennial and grow well in USDA planting zones 6-8 in areas that usually have drier summers. Plant bulbs in well prepared soil and forget it. Every 4-5 years, dig out your corms and put them in different beds to prevent pest/disease problems or soil mineral deficiencies.
Saffron will grow in deep containers outside in cooler environments. But you do need to be able to bring the containers into heated greenhouses etc. or otherwise keep them calm and warm over winter. The soil in your containers also needs to be wet for the plants’ roots, not awash, at any time.
Grow Saffron as an Annual
Saffron can also be grown in the ground as an annual into the ground in USDA Zones 4, 5, & 8 or areas with wet summers. Saffron bulbs unfortunately do not store longer than a couple of weeks.
Grown as an annual, you are likely to need to buy new bulbs every year. Their method won’t save you any money on saffron. However, some of the annual saffron producers have claimed to have success in refrigerating corms inside flats of peat during the winter and replanting it in June.
When to Plant Saffron
Saffron is a corm that flowers in the fall. They need to be in the ground for about 8 weeks at the right soil temperature. Then you suddenly have flowers. Plant three months before your first frost date for best results.
Retailers usually harvest saffron corms in late July. Dry and ship them out for planting in August. Though, corms may also be planted in June for best outcome. Plant your corm as soon as possible after purchasing it.
Preparing the Soil
Saffron Crocus Soil preparation is important because saffron bulbs need a well-drained soil. Saffron bulbs rot when sitting in wet soils. Therefore, it is essential that the soil is well drained and rich in organic matter.
Saffron crocus likes a sunny disposition and well-draining soil. They are sun-lovers, but can also handle a little bit of shade properly. Therefore, the plot related to gardening giving an immense amount of sunlight is best suited to roots. Place the bulbs 5-10 Cm (2-3 inches) deep and spaced 8 Cm (3 inches) apart with its pointed ends facing up.
Planting Techniques
Now that the soil is prepared, you can plant your saffron crocus bulbs. An effective method to properly plant saffron bulbs Here’s how:
- Plant the bulbs 2-3 inches deep.
- If you are planting in beds, space the bulbs about 3 inches apart.
- Plant bulbs 4 inches (10 thermocouples) apart if planting in containers.
This allows the individual bulbs of plants to grow and flower. For planting your saffron bulbs you will need a hand-cultivating fork, a dibber (a pointed wooden tool) and a watering can. It is also important to plant the bulbs with the pointy ends up. This takes care that the bulbs grow and flower properly. That is all that you need to know in order to plant saffron bulbs like the wind.
Caring for Saffron
1. Water Requirements
Keep the soil consistently moist from later in the summer right up to when the greens start to wilt. Water deeply every 10 to 14 days in dry spells. Regions with relatively dry summers are usually propagated for saffron cultivation. Corms are susceptible to rot in high humidity areas with wet summers. Good drainage in beds is very important and even more. So, when it comes to year round humidity.
2. Sun Requirements
Saffron requires full sun. You must have a minimum of 6 hours, but preferably, 8 hours of sun a day. Remember that saffron is a very tall compact-growing plant. Make sure other taller plants do not shade your saffron. Create a garden plan
3. Weeding
It is necessary to clean the beds regularly for effective saffron production. This is a plant that hates weeds and loves a zero-weed policy.
4. Quantity to Plant
Three strings of saffron are obtained from each flower. In the US, you will find a dozen saffron corms for sale but most send up an absolute maximum of 3-6 flowers per corm. But when you factor in that it takes roughly 10-12 saffron threads to flavor a family size pan of paella, One bulb per paella is about all you need.
An average of 25-50 saffron plants is enough for a typical family. Nevertheless, saffron from your own garden also makes good gift ideas for any of those loving food people. So, you might want to grow a few more…and share.
Common Problems with Saffron
Saffron, along with all crocus plants, is susceptible to some types of rot in excessively wet soils. It also has a couple of things to worry about from insect and animal pests.
1. Fungal Diseases
Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Penicillium Fusarium- under soil like corm rot. Neck rot of saffron is made possible by Rhizoctonia Crocorum being in the leaf areas. Fumago is a smut on leaves and corms.
Solutions:
Most of these pathogens are most prevalent while in unhealthy plants where soils keep on being wet in the summer. Reforestation takes more time, effort and plants than planting grass. However trees mature slower and have the capacity to develop crops provided that five decades.
Providing as much protection as possible for beds and diverting water away during extreme rain events can also minimize risk. It may be necessary to apply a fungicide in extreme circumstances. Burning all infected plant material will reduce the chance of pathogen dispersal.
2. Insect Pests
The mites, thrips are the major insect pests attacking saffron. These are usually not a huge problem unless you have more extreme invasions.
Solutions:
Mites go through corm cut. Symptoms: – Infested corms produce short, yellowish leaves. It is important to remove infested bulbs. Use a miticide to treat corms in serious cases. Thrips (yellow spots, white mold) on saffron leaves There is not a lot of damage that they do to these bloom in the fall corms generally. Control – Often spraying leaves with neem oil is adequate.
Hand-picking and drowning in soapy water will control blister beetles. If it was not clear from the name, simply crushing these bugs with your fingers can cause burn marks on the body. Gloves and precautions are good while removing.
Take Note: Like blister beetles, these fall off and pretend to be dead when touched. Repeat the process of checking your plants daily until you have got rid of those pests.
3. Rodents
The worst pests of saffron are rodents that eat the corms and leaves. Mice, voles, rats and rabbits can infest or entirely destroy saffron crops. Corms are consumed mainly during the winter months. Leaves are typically consumed shortly before or after flowering.
Solutions:
Fortunately, rodent-proof planting beds lined with hardware cloth can minimize the problem. You could also plant your corms into buried milk crates that are lined with weed mat. To avoid root-eaters, consider planting corms a little deeper, at 6 inches rather than 4, but this may delay their flowering. At the extreme, you may need to trap or poison for rodent remediation.
Good And Bad Companion Plants
Saffron is also decidedly antisocial in the planting bed. Nevertheless bugs have some better and worse neighbors.
Good Companions
Saffron belongs to genus crocus and is included in Iridaceae or the Iris family. Being a member of the Iris family, it will grow well with roses, peonies, salvia, columbine, phlox or most any other type of cut flower. With its small stature, Saffron should be grown in the sun side of larger growing plants. In addition, underground parts of other plants should not prevent the corms from developing to keep saffron production at a lower level.
Bad Companions
Nutritious roots, bulbs, tubers or tap-rooted vegetables like, potatoes onions garlic turnips chard and carrots often fall prey to dug ground pests like root eating insects rodents. Wireworms are also drawn to grass such as from wheat or corn. Plant saffron crocus with other saffron-free perennials to avoid introducing the pests common to this variety of plant. Saffron is host to spider mites, which enter through corm damage, and it also attracts rodents.
Harvesting Your Own Saffron Spice
This step is how you would harvest your saffron spice after investing time and effort growing your saffron crocus. A step by step process that needs detailed attention and patience. The satisfaction of harvesting your saffron (officially the most expensive spice on earth) is however, immensely rewarding.
Harvesting the saffron-This involves choosing the right time when to harvest it. Using the right method and ways on how to store your harvested saffron. All these steps are mandatory for the maintenance of quality saffron. Thus, we are going to look at saffron harvesting in every possible form.
Picking the Right Time
Saffron is a timing game. Saffron should be harvested in the morning preferably before sunrise. This is because sunlight can cause the breakdown of saffron stigmas. Therefore, you need to wake up early to forfeit your safran gathering.
When it comes to harvesting saffron, it is also the time that depends on how long the flowers seem. Saffron crocus is a fall blooming flower. They want to turn to seed. So, when those long bright orange-red stigmas start to unfurl from the flowers then they are ready to be collected. It’s better to be vigilant from side of your flowers and you the right time to reap your saffron harvest.
Proper Harvesting Techniques
Saffron is a delicate spice, and when one part of this chain breaks, the whole field will fail. They can be removed by hand from the plant. You see, in each saffron crocus flower there are 3 stigmas which are what they harvest to make saffron. Step-by-Step Process to Enjoy the Stigmas
- Gently open up the flower.
- Gently pull the stem of the flower from the yellow saffron with three-part red stigma inside it.
- This ought to be done gently in order not to harm the stigmas.
After you have removed all of the stigmas, place them on a paper towel and let them dry for several days in a warm, dark location. After cultivation, Saffron threads are dried which is important as the fragrance and taste of Saffron greatly depend on them.
Avoid fast drying saffron using a dehydrator or microwave. They are bad for the biocomponents of saffron.
Storing Your Saffron
After you have harvested and dried your saffron this is the perfect time for storage. So it is very important to store the saffron in a proper way. Dried stigmas should be put in an airtight container. For example metal one. The saffron is stored in the brown airtight bag which prevents moisture or light from reaching it and for preserving its quality. Dry saffron is reactive in the presence of UV light, hence must be packed in light-resistant containers. Use of plastic containers as saffron absorbs the fragrance of plastic.
The door section of the refrigerator is ideal, otherwise anywhere cold and dark. This can either be a food cupboard or pantry. Do not store your saffron near the oven or in a location that has frequent temperature fluctuations. If provided the correct storage conditions, your freshly harvested saffron will preserve all of its flavour and aroma for as long as a year.
To many, saffron is an exotic, expensive spice. For me, Now it’s a money saving perennial. I wish you great success in this incredible spice on your homestead too!
2 thoughts on “Saffron: A Comprehensive Guide to Cultivating the World’s Most Expensive Spice”
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